The burden of malaria in pregnancy in malaria-endemic areas.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Pregnant women in malarious areas may experience a variety of adverse consequences from malaria infection including maternal anemia, placental accumulation of parasites, low birth weight (LBW) from prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), fetal parasite exposure and congenital infection, and infant mortality (IM) linked to preterm-LBW and IUGR-LBW. We reviewed studies between 1985 and 2000 and summarized the malaria population attributable risk (PAR) that accounts for both the prevalence of the risk factors in the population and the magnitude of the associated risk for anemia, LBW, and IM. Consequences from anemia and human immunodeficiency virus infection in these studies were also considered. Population attributable risks were substantial: malaria was associated with anemia (PAR range = 3-15%), LBW (8-14%), preterm-LBW (8-36%), IUGR-LBW (13-70%), and IM (3-8%). Human immunodeficiency virus was associated with anemia (PAR range = 12-14%), LBW (11-38%), and direct transmission in 20-40% of newborns, with direct mortality consequences. Maternal anemia was associated with LBW (PAR range = 7-18%), and fetal anemia was associated with increased IM (PAR not available). We estimate that each year 75,000 to 200,000 infant deaths are associated with malaria infection in pregnancy. The failure to apply known effective antimalarial interventions through antenatal programs continues to contribute substantially to infant deaths globally.
منابع مشابه
Influence of History, Geography, and Economics on the Elimination of Malaria: A Perspective on Disease Persistence in Rural Areas of Zambia
The fight against malaria is currently ongoing in many countries where the disease is still endemic. The overall target is to eliminate malaria in all nations, regardless of their malaria burden, by 2030. Currently, the disease has been eliminated mainly in low-burden and unstable malaria areas globally. However, in high-burden countries, particularly in Africa, the disease is still not elimina...
متن کاملTribal Community Visit to Malaria-Endemic Areas Can Pose Risk to Car Nicobar Island: Deterrent for Malaria Elimination
Introduction: In the past 10 years, a declining trend was seen in the annual parasite incidence (API) of malaria in the Car Nicobar Island. For the past few years, the API in the island has been below one. Car Nicobar Island is struggling with malaria cases reported to have been brought from other, malaria-endemic islands. Methods: The movements of people...
متن کاملLaboratory diagnosis methods of malaria infection
Background and Aim: To manage and control malaria - one of the most important infectious diseases in tropical and subtropical regions – a quick and accurate malaria diagnosis method is necessary as a high priority. For this purpose, several methods have been developed for the diagnosis of malaria, and currently, the examining the peripheral blood slide with an optical microscope as a gold stand...
متن کاملMalaria Endemicity Effect on Incidence and Mortality Rate of COVID-19 in Some Malaria-Endemic Regions of Iran; An Ecological Study (2020-21)
Background: According to recent reports during the COVID-19 pandemic, malaria-endemic regions have a significantly lower COVID-19 case and mortality rate than those malaria-non-endemic. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of COVID-19 in malarious areas of southern Iran and the incidence of disease in people previously infected with malaria. Materials and Methods: We conducted an ecolo...
متن کاملمروری بر وضعیت مالاریا در ایران
Malaria has been prevalent for a long time in Iran. About 1000 years ago, the Iranian physicians such as Avicenna (979-1037) were acquainted to the clinical feature of the disease. The scientific study of malaria in Iran was started by Latycheve in 1921. Later on up to 1944, malaria have been studied by some Iranian and foreign investigators and it was found hyper-endemic in some littoral parts...
متن کاملThe Impact of IL-18 and IFN-γ on Severity of Malaria and Quality of Treatment
Background & Objective: In human malaria, genotype of cytokines affect immune system. The impact of genotype -137G/C in IL-18 and +874A/T in IFN-γ on the severity of malaria and the quality of treatment – as factors to form asymptomatic persons in endemic regions- has been investigated.Materials & Methods: 100 patients and 102 healthy persons were evaluated by Nested-PCR and thick blood fil...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
دوره 64 1-2 Suppl شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2001